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GLP-1 treatment and how it works

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring hormone in the body that has a number of benefits, particularly for people with type 2 diabetes1.  

Therefore, GLP-1 RA (receptor agonist) treatments have been developed to mimic the function of the GLP-1 hormone and increase its effect as it occurs in people without type 2 diabetes1, 2

GLP-1 RA is a class of non-insulin medication that assists your body’s natural ability to regulate blood sugar and appetite2.

GLP-1 RA can help reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, by preventing arterial damage in people with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular disease2-4

Body

How does GLP-1 work?

Heart

Heart

GLP-1 RA may help reduce your cardiovascular risk by preventing or slowing the progression of atherosclerosis* as well as by lowering blood pressure and lipid levels2-5.

*Atherosclerosis is also known as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease – try saying that five times fast!But you can call it ASCVD for short.

Bonus fact #1
ASCVD is a specific type of heart disease where high blood sugar causes progressive damage to artery walls, leading to blockages from the build-up of fats, cholesterol and other material. This build-up restricts blood flow, increasing the risk of clots6.
Artery Walls
Liver

Liver and pancreas

GLP-1 RA helps maintain normal blood glucose levels by telling your pancreas when to release more insulin when needed2.
At the same time, it also suppresses the release of stored sugar from your liver2.
Brain

Brain

GLP-1 RA helps support weight loss by working in the part of your brain that regulates your appetite and food intake1, 2.
Balance

Balance

It’s all about balance!
By getting your blood glucose and weight under control early, you greatly reduce your risk of future complications such as heart failure7.
However, even if you suffer a heart attack or stroke, there are treatments that can help reduce the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events3-5.
Doctor
Want to know more?
Ask your doctor if a GLP-1 RA is right for you.

November 2023 and IE23DI00223

References
  1. Kim W and Egan JM. The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60:470-512.
  2. Zhao X, Wang M, Wen Z, et al. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Their Pancreatic Effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:721135.
  3. Mannucci E, Dicembrini I, Nreu B, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without prior cardiovascular events: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:203-211.
  4. Almdal T, Scharling H, Jensen JS, et al. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke, and death: a population-based study of 13,000 men and women with 20 years of follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1422-6.
  5. Nahmias A, Stahel P, Xiao C, et al. Glycemia and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring the Gap Between Risk Marker and Risk Factor. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:100.
  6. Libby P, Buring JE, Badimon L, et al. Atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5:56.
  7. WHO. Diabetes. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes. Last accessed: December 2021.
  8. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition, 2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/resources/. Last accessed: December 2021.
  9. NHS UK. Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-sugar-hyperglycaemia/. Last accessed: December 2021.
  10. Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD, et al. Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Jama. 2004;292:2495-9.

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